![]() Isotopes: Different forms of an element that vary somewhat in mass (and potentially in lifetime). ionized) An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. An ionized gas, or plasma, is where all of the electrons have been separated from their parent atoms. The protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of atoms are hadrons. Hadron: One of a group of particles that are made up of other, smaller particles - quarks - held together by a particular kind of force. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, lithium and uranium.įundamental: Something that is basic or serves as the foundation for another thing or idea. (in chemistry) Each of more than one hundred substances for which the smallest unit of each is a single atom. The nucleus is orbited by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.Ĭloud: A plume of molecules or particles, such as water droplets, that move under the action of an outside force, such as wind, radiation or water currents.Įlectric charge: The physical property responsible for electric force it can be negative or positive.Įlectron: A negatively charged particle, usually found orbiting the outer regions of an atom also, the carrier of electricity within solids.Įlement: A building block of some larger structure. Atoms are made up of a dense nucleus that contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. In a sentenceĪcids are molecules that are good at giving away protons, while bases are good at snatching protons up.Ĭheck out the full list of Scientists Say.Ītom: The basic unit of a chemical element. Particles made of quarks, including protons as well as neutrons, are called hadrons. Each proton is made of two “up” quarks and a “down” quark. Protons may be tiny, but they still can be broken down into even smaller bits of matter. A single proton more, for instance, is the difference between platinum and gold. But when atoms gain or lose protons, they become wholly different elements. When that happens, they become ions of that element. And atoms of the same element can gain or lose electrons. Those different varieties of an atom are called isotopes. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. Oxygen, for instance, has eight protons while gold has 79. The number of protons in an atom determines what element it is. The electrons’ negative charge makes them attracted to the positive protons in the nucleus. That nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Along with neutrons, protons form an atom’s core, or nucleus. It is one of the three types of particles that make up atoms. A proton is a particle with a positive electric charge. ![]()
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